Double displacement reactions Essay Example for Free

Double displacement reactions Essay To gain a better understanding of the typical reaction of the addition of two binary compounds, and how the reaction of those two compounds can be predicted. III. Variables: ==Dependent Variable: Reagents given, hence the solutions we make from these reagents, and the standard solubility rules. ==Controlled Variables: The two reagents which we will react together at each trial. ==Independent Variable: Whether the reagents will create a precipitate or not, which depends on the reagents combined. IV. Hypothesis: If the compound is containing mettle and is added to a compound that is also containing mettle. The two mettles will change places and then something in the equation will precipitate out of the solution. The majority of the elements will not precipitate and none will have a whole solution of precipitant. All will have some form of ion solution that we are left over from the chemical reaction. V. Materials: o Compounds. Stirring rod VI. Procedure: 1. Prepare 1 molar solutions of given reagents: i. Calculate amounts to combine of given reagents. Complete the following for all 16 reagents: 1. As you need 5 ml of solution, begin with this amount 2. Multiply by the molar amount which you wish to use for the reactions. 3. Multiply by the molecular mass of the given compound. 4. This will give you the amount, in grams, of the molecule for which you are calculating. ii. Create 1 molar reagents. Complete the following for each reagent: 1. Mark 16 10 ml flasks with masking tape showing the content, showing each of the 16 reagents one for each flask. 2. Measure out the amount, which you calculated in the Part a, of the reagent. 3. Place this mass of the reagent into the flask which is marked with the reagent. 4. Measure out 5 ml of distilled water in the 10 ml graduated cylinder, and place this water in the flask with the reagent. 5. Stir the reagent so as to combine it completely. 2. Combine given reagents. i. Grid a transparency so that each reagent has a chance to react with every other reagent. Also make a data chart to write in the data which you will collect. ii. Complete the following for each solution: iii. Take one to two drops of the solution and place it in all the boxes which are marked on your grid transparency. iv. After all solutions have been combined, write in your data chart whether a precipitant has formed, and if so, describe the precipitant; describe the composition of the solution. 3. Evaluate results: i. Write the balanced equations for each of the reactions which occurred in this experiment. ii. Use solubility rules to determine if a precipitant has formed in each reaction. Conclusion and Evaluation: My hypothesis, If the compound is containing mettle and is added to a compound that is also containing mettle. The two mettles will change places and then something in the equation will precipitate out of the solution. The majority of the elements will not precipitate and none will have a whole solution of precipitant. All will have some form of ion solution that we are left over from the chemical reaction. Was correct. The statement that I made was correct but at the time of the hypothesis I could not comprehend the complexity and the knowledge that would come out of a few simple and harmless experiments, such as this. Thus looking back I feel that I could have written a more complex and informative hypothesis. When asked to classify the outcomes and pieces of the experiment as qualitative or quantitative I came up with this. The qualitative aspects of this lab have a wide range. The first would be the colors themselves. With each different in its own way it is possible to distinguish certain chemical reaction from other chemical reactions. The qualitative data for this lab would include the chemical formulas. It would also include the mathematical calculations of precipitants. There was also the mathematical calculation that was required to determine the correct ratio that needed to be combined to create the solutions. This math needed to be conducted with great precision and accuracy. One way in which this experiment could be improved would be to limit the sources of error that were present throughout the experiment. The first would be to use greater quantities of the solutions so the reaction could be better observed. Threw the use of a larger quantity of solution I could have mixed the elements in a flask thus producing a more observable and a more accurate observation. This type of experiment continuity is vital in order to derive any factual conclusions about the chemical bonding of different elements. Next time around some interesting paths to take from this experiment would be to expand the chemical testing to more elements such as some more exotic compounds. It would also be interesting to observe the nature of some things like pesticides such as acephate (C4H10NO3PS) and also the nature of the very versatile and commonly used element Hg. The experiment was quite informative of the chemical nature of simple elements and how it works. It also brought about a realization of how much work and chemistry really goes into the everyday chemical reactions.

The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides

The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia There is a consensus among readers of the poetry or plays written in the fifth century that the plays succeed with inspiring profound movement on the audience. The methods or reasons for the reader to be moved by a text are often disputed. Specific to tragic works the concepts of philosophy and psychology are critical elements to understand the cause of the stirred emotions of individuals who response to classical tragedies in a similar manner. Philosophy helps to understand â€Å"why† and psychology â€Å"how† poetry affects and moves human emotion. Philosophy and poetry are united by a common intent. Each searches for an explanation of universal ideals instead of concentrating on the particular. Aristotle described this idea in the Poetics, â€Å"Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular† (Aristotle, 68). Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia are examples that demonstrate the use of poetry as an explanation of the universal. Antigone deals with the struggle of Antigone, who sought to obey the moral obligation of burying her fallen brother and the dictation of Creon not to bury him. Creon’s dictation represents the particular. Described by Antigone his declaration develops from Creon being the, â€Å"Lucky tyrant—the perquisites of power! Ruthless power to do and say whatever pleases them† (Sophocles, 84). The declaration is seen not to follow the universal cause but it is specific to situation that Polynices had died while attacking Thebes. Antigone insistent to obey the universal code that sh... ...age† (Knox, 137). Sophocles, like many poets, understood the dependence of poetry on its ability to successful implement both philosophy and psychology to their work. Works Cited Aeschylus. The Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. Aristotle. Aristotle’s Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961. Euripides. Ten Plays: Electra and Iphigenia at Aulis. Trans. Moses Hadas and John McLean. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Knox, Bernard. Introduction and Notes. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. By Sophocles. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. 131-53. Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia There is a consensus among readers of the poetry or plays written in the fifth century that the plays succeed with inspiring profound movement on the audience. The methods or reasons for the reader to be moved by a text are often disputed. Specific to tragic works the concepts of philosophy and psychology are critical elements to understand the cause of the stirred emotions of individuals who response to classical tragedies in a similar manner. Philosophy helps to understand â€Å"why† and psychology â€Å"how† poetry affects and moves human emotion. Philosophy and poetry are united by a common intent. Each searches for an explanation of universal ideals instead of concentrating on the particular. Aristotle described this idea in the Poetics, â€Å"Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular† (Aristotle, 68). Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia are examples that demonstrate the use of poetry as an explanation of the universal. Antigone deals with the struggle of Antigone, who sought to obey the moral obligation of burying her fallen brother and the dictation of Creon not to bury him. Creon’s dictation represents the particular. Described by Antigone his declaration develops from Creon being the, â€Å"Lucky tyrant—the perquisites of power! Ruthless power to do and say whatever pleases them† (Sophocles, 84). The declaration is seen not to follow the universal cause but it is specific to situation that Polynices had died while attacking Thebes. Antigone insistent to obey the universal code that sh... ...age† (Knox, 137). Sophocles, like many poets, understood the dependence of poetry on its ability to successful implement both philosophy and psychology to their work. Works Cited Aeschylus. The Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. Aristotle. Aristotle’s Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961. Euripides. Ten Plays: Electra and Iphigenia at Aulis. Trans. Moses Hadas and John McLean. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Knox, Bernard. Introduction and Notes. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. By Sophocles. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. 131-53. Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984.

Mcgregors Theories X and Y

Compare McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y style of leadership and consider the types of organizations in which each style of leadership might be most appropriate. Douglas McGregor devised his concept of Theory X and Theory Y in the USA in the 1950’s using a survey of managers, which he then proposed in his book, ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’ in the 1960’s. Theory X states that a manager distrusts his subordinates, believes they don’t enjoy work and therefore must be controlled.Theory Y, on the other hand, speculates that a manager believes their employees enjoy work and wish to contribute, the manager is therefore more likely to include them in the decision making process and employ a more democratic style of leadership (Marcousse 2003). The two theories are not opposite ends of one spectrum, but rather two separate lines of continuum that describes the attitude and perception a manager has of their employees. The type of motivation that the e mployees receive from their manager is down to their management style.These Theories match up with Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’. McGregor makes the point that the way in which a manager runs and controls his team has massive impacts on the happiness in employees, relating to esteem and self actualisation. These are two factors of motivation mentioned by Maslow in his theory. In comparing these two theories, X and Y, we must take into account different factors that may affect the two ideas and how they may do so in different scenarios or places of work.The general idea is that Theory Y is the path of the â€Å"enlightened manager† (Chapman 1995) who runs a democratic form of leadership, and that it receives better results than theory X, whose manager employs more of an autocratic dictatorship. However this cannot always be believed. In different cases a manager may do better in his work to tell employees the best and most effective way to complete a task, knowing through experience. FW Taylor (1856-1917) believed in efficiency and complete control of a task provided to the manager.This idea related to such methods as the assembly line, a process broken down into simple tasks and completed individually by a group of workers along a line. Employed by such companies as Ford in the early 1900’s, in producing cars, this method gave great results, however keeping workers motivated was difficult, part of Taylor’s method was to â€Å"devise a pay scheme to reward those who complete or beat tough output targets, but penalize those who cannot, or will not, achieve the productivity Taylor believed was possible. (pg 218) For the manager, Theory X is a self – fulfilling method, the workers are likely to develop a lack in interest in their work and do it solely for the wage (Marcousse 2003). There are two scenarios in which Theory X can escape a degree of criticism for producing a lack of motivation from its workers(Marcousse 2003). The part time worker has partially already given in to the idea that they will not be receiving much independence and delegation of responsibility.This is due to the amount of time they have committed to their work. For example, a part time security guard might be asked to stand guard on a gate for an hour every morning to let personnel through, however once they have completed this task they are unlikely to achieve much more than changing the channel on their TV. The job simply requires a pair of eyes at one point in the morning, and the rest of the time they are simply on call.There is no enjoyment or form of learning with this job; the part time worker is simply there to take home some money at the end of the month, satisfying his basic needs for financial security, a mutual understanding between employer and employee. A large majority of the time there is little for the security guard to watch over. When something does arise that requires more attention, someone of highe r authority is only a phone call away.In this, theory X is the logical management style, as to use theory Y would mean a greater chance of mistakes being made by someone who doesn’t have the same experience and qualifications as the elected official. The other scenario is in a moment of chaos (Marcousse 2003). At this point, due to the limited time scale in such moments, someone needs to take full control and make quick decisive decisions. Such a case is easily understood when put into the confines of an army unit under fire.Someone must give direct orders to keep the enemy under pressure and move their men to safety, or face either death or capture. Theory Y would consume too much time to listen to all possible ideas and make a decision, with young men who have been trained to take orders rather than come up with them. Efficiency is the key in this scenario, Taylor would be completely right in giving total control to a senior soldier to try and ensure the safety of his soldi ers. Encouraging an employee to work for a great amount of time during the week or without the threat of danger

The Impact Of Big Data Analytics On Business Performance...

The influence of big data analytics on business performance Big data is a term describing the storage and analysis of large and /or complex data sets using a series of technologies /techniques (Ward and Baker MIT review). These technologies /techniques have already been in incorporated into the leading commercial Business Intelligence platforms offer by major Information Technology vendors including Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, and SAP (Sallam et al. 2011). Being an Information Technology Manager for more than ten years, I have the opportunity to implement one of the most sophisticated Big Data analytical technology, which is the Business Object by SAP, in one of the companies that I worked for. Almost all departments in the company felt improvements in their business performance after implementing and then using the Big Data analytical tool â€Å"Business Object by SAP† , the argues of the effect of using Business Object analytical tool on finance, sales, and Human Resources departments will be discussed in the following paragraph’s bodies. Numbers are the most valuable data for finance department, therefore the final representation of correct numbers in financial statements (i.e. Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, and income statement) are the ultimate goal for the Finance Manager. Usually numbers comes from various sources in the company and need to be combined so they can be analyzed. Finance employees (staff) have the obligation to process these numbers and come up with reasonableShow MoreRelatedHow The Impact On Accounting? Manual Tasks Are Being Automated At A Fast Pace?1045 Words   |  5 PagesAccess to vast amounts of data is creating paradigm shifts in business. 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